INTRODUCTION:
Smart phones are popular devices capable
of processing more information than other phones; they include many features such as games,
access to the Internet and social networks, messaging, videos,
multimedia, and navigation, in addition to their use for communication. Access to
the Internet is increasingly easy due to improvements in mobile technology and the prevalence of smart phones.1
New generation mobile phones enable people not only to talk but also to connect to the virtual networks constantly from anywhere thanks to their computer and internet connection features. Currently, the mobile phones have become an important part of the daily life of the individuals and started to be considered as an imperative tool by the users. Constant mobile phone use has resulted in the concept of “Nomo phobia”, in other words, the fear of being out of mobile phone contact. A study conducted in the UK in 2008 stated that 66% of the teenagers are troubled with the idea of losing their mobile phones.2
According to Troxel et al., night time texting was associated with insufficient sleep. The various findings of studies in different populations may be due to cultural differences. The use of mobile devices is widespread in different countries, but most previous studies have been conducted in Western countries. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no previous study has been conducted in this field in Middle Eastern children and adolescents. The experience in this regard in the pediatric population is limited. Studying different populations would help comparing the findings in different communities. This study aimed to assess, for the first time, the relationship of late-night cell phone use with sleep quality and duration in a sample of Iranian adolescents.
The use of a smart phone not only produces pleasure and reduces feelings of pain and stress but also leads to failure to control the extent of use despite significant harmful consequences in financial, physical, psychological, and social aspects of life Addiction to media has been characterized as excessive or poorly controlled preoccupations, and compulsive needs or behaviors that lead to impairment A study reported that media addicts could not manage real-life activities The people using the Internet longer had poor social support and higher levels of loneliness.Children using the cell phone displayed more behavioral problems such as nervousness, temperament, mental distraction, and indolence, and these problems worsened if the children began using a cell phone at an early age. A diversity of factors have been reported to be associated with sleep problems in university students, such as smoking, academic failure, depression, anxiety, and stress3.
RESEARCH PROBLEM:
A Correlational study on Smart phone usage, Level of Stress and Quality of sleep among Nursing students studying in Selected Nursing Colleges of District Mohali, Punjab.
OBJECTIVES:
· To assess the Smart phone Usage among Nursing Students studying in selected Nursing colleges of district Mohali, Punjab.
· To assess the Level of Stress among Nursing Students studying in selected Nursing colleges of district Mohali, Punjab.
· To assess the Quality of Sleep among Nursing Students studying in selected Nursing colleges of district Mohali, Punjab.
· To assess the correlation between Smart Phone Usage, Level of stress and Quality of sleep among Nursing students studying in selected Nursing colleges of district Mohali, Punjab.
· To find out association between Smart phone usage, Level of stress and Quality of sleep among Nursing students studying in selected Nursing colleges with their selected socio demographic variables.
METHODOLOGY:
· Research Approach:
Quantitative research approach
· Research Design:
Research design for this study is Correlational research design to assess correlation between smartphone usage, level of stress, and quality of sleep among nursing students.
Research Setting:
The setting is the location where a study is conducted.The study was conducted in selected nursing colleges of district Mohali, Punjab.
Target population for this study is all the Nursing students studying in Selected Nursing Colleges of District Mohali, Punjab.
Sampling Technique:
In this study, sample size was 200. Purposive sampling technique
Sample Size:
Sample size was 200 Nursing students
Sampling Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:
Nursing students who will were:
· Willing to participate.
· Available at the time of data collection.
Exclusion Criteria:
Nursing students who were be willing to participate.
Nursing students who were not available at the time of data collection
Description of Tool and Technique:
The tool consists of
Part I:
It consists of socio demographic variable such as, age, gender, class of study, monthly income, hours of phone usage per day, duration of phone usage place of accommodation, level of education, marital status.
Part II:
Smart phone usage was assessed by self structured tool.
Part III:
Student stress inventory (SSI) by Mohammad Aziz Shah Bin Mohammad Arip measures the stresses you have experienced in your study and everyday life in your campus. There is no right and wrong answers.
The Student Stress Inventory (ISS) was developed to measure the level of stress among university students. SSI contained of 40 negative items to measure 4 subscales (10 items for each subscale) which are sub scale 1: Physical (10 items), sub scale 2: Interpersonal relationship (10 items), sub scale 3: Academic (10 items) and subscale 4: Environmental factor (10 items). As for scoring, the SSI was designed with ordinal scale of the ‘Never’, ‘Somewhat frequent’, ‘Frequent’ and ‘Always’. The value mark given for each choices are 1 for ‘Never’, 2 for ‘Somewhat Frequent’, 3 for ‘Frequent’ and 4 for ‘Always’.
Part IV:
Pittsburg sleep quality questionnaire consists of seven component (subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medication, daytime dysfunction) scores from nineteen items. The sum of component scores giv3es a global scoring ranging from 0-21.Higher scores indicates worse sleep quality.Subjects who got PSQI global score of 5 or less were classifies as good sleepers and those who got more than 5 as poorer sleepers. The PSQI has internal consistency and reliability coefficient (Cronbach alpha of 0.83).
Data Collection Procedure:
Main study was conducted in march 2021 in selected nursing colleges of district Mohali, Punjab. Formal permission was taken from the authority of the selected Nursing college Mohali, Punjab.
Procedure:
Data collection was carried out in the month of March 2021. A written assent and consent was taken from the nursing after explaining the purpose of the study. The researcher selected sample by simple random sampling technique who met the criteria. The researcher also read out the instructions. Researcher told the participants to answer the appropriate option that they feel correct. After that, the researcher assessed responses of the subjects. Subjects who were not in the criteria were excluded from the study. The average time consumed by each subject to fill the tool was 20 minutes. The tool was collected and subjects were thanked for their participation and were assured that the information provided by them will be kept confidential.
Plan of Analysis:
Analysis and interpretations of data was done according to the objectives using descriptive and inferential statistics
RESULTS:
Table I: Frequency and percentage distribution according to socio-demographic variables of nursing students. N= 200
|
Variables |
Opts |
Percentage (%) |
Frequency (f) |
|
Age (in years) |
16-17 Years |
3% |
5 |
|
17-18 Years |
9% |
14 |
|
|
18-22 Years |
69% |
103 |
|
|
22-25 Years |
19% |
28 |
|
|
Gender |
Male |
29% |
43 |
|
Female |
71% |
107 |
|
|
Class of Study |
B.Sc 1st Year |
23% |
35 |
|
B.Sc 2nd Year |
28% |
42 |
|
|
B.Sc 3rd Year |
23% |
35 |
|
|
B.Sc 4th Year |
25% |
38 |
|
|
Duration of Phone usage |
Less than 2 Hours |
22% |
33 |
|
2-4 Hours |
34% |
51 |
|
|
4-6 Hours |
33% |
50 |
|
|
More than 6 Hours |
11% |
16 |
|
|
Marital Status |
Unmarried |
95% |
7 |
|
Married |
5% |
142 |
|
|
Divorced |
1% |
1 |
|
|
Separated |
0% |
0 |
|
|
Place of Accommodation |
Home |
58% |
87 |
|
Hostel |
21% |
31 |
|
|
PG |
21% |
32 |
|
|
Number of Gadgets using |
01-Feb |
69% |
104 |
|
02-Mar |
23% |
34 |
|
|
03-Apr |
3% |
5 |
|
|
More than 4 |
5% |
7 |
|
|
Type of Application using |
Whats App |
45% |
67 |
|
|
2% |
3 |
|
|
|
11% |
16 |
|
|
All of the Above |
43% |
64 |
The above table depicts the frequency and percentage distribution of adolescents based on socio-demographic variables age, gender, class of study, , per day, duration of phone usage, place of accommodation, marital status, number of gadgets using, types of applications using.
According to age (years ) majority 18-20 years 69%, 22-25 years 19% 17 -18 years 9% and 16-17 years 3%
According to gender majority of the sample are found 71%females followed by 29% male.
Class of study shows that 28% Bsc 2nd year, 25% 4th year 23% Ist year and 23% 3rd year.
According to duration of phone usage majority of the sample found 34% 2-4 hours, 33% 4-6 hours, less than 2 hours 22% and 11% more than 6 hours.
According to marital status 95% of samples are un married, 5% married 1 % divorced, separated 0%.
Majority of sample shows that place of accommodation home 58%, followed by 21% hostel, 21% Pg.
Number of gadgets using majority shows 69% 1-2, 23% 2-3, 3% 3-4, 5% more than 4.
Type of application 45% whats app, 43% All of the above, 11% instagram, 2 % facebook.
Table-2: Criteria Measure of Smaratphone Addiction Scale Score
|
Level of Scores N= 200 |
Percentage |
Frequency |
|
Severe. (100-132) |
2% |
3 |
|
MODERATE. (67-99) |
37% |
56 |
|
MILD. (33-66) |
61% |
91 |
Maximum =132 Minimum=33
Table 2 Above the table showing the level of scores of smart phone addiction scale according the table the maximum score is 132, and minimum 33, result show smart phone score addiction scale show that nursing student obtain score 2% severe, 37% moderate, and 61% mild having level of Smartphone addiction.